Aggression: Is that an issue for worrying?

Aggression is a behavior that might be accompanied by violence and agonistic behavior. Aggression and violence have numerous social adverse effects such as family conflict, crime, murder, rape and theft. International issues of war and terrorism are correlated as well (1). WHO categorizes violence among the top 20 causes of disability adjusted life years worldwide and this figure projected to increase by 2030s (2). Anger and violence has been associated with numerous adverse outcomes both individual and social. The relation of coronary heart diseases (CHD) with anger has been proven repeatedly. Fear and stress arousal because of aggression can lead to tachycardia, hypertension and atheroscle-rosis (3). Studies linked the unhealthy anger management behaviors to social and individual adverse effects. A somewhat smaller literature has focused on health-promoting ways of managing anger (controlling anger and releasing it through discussion with a confidant), showing that these anger management styles are associated with lower BP and other health benefits, such as lower body mass index and better glycemic control in diabetic patients (1). Specific features of aggression such as violent driving behavior and Intimate partner violence are more frequent among more aggressive personalities (4). Aggressive behaviors are related to occupational and educational attainment as well (5).Under-aged behavioral problems such as drinking and smoking are related to aggressive behavior (6). Few studies focused on this important issue in Iran. In a population-based survey using Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, aggressive behaviors in four dimensions including physical, verbal, anger and hostility were assessed in Mashhad, Iran, 2014. Mashhad is the second most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Resave Khorasan Province. The city is however most well-known and respected for housing the tomb of Imam Reza, the eighth Shia Imam. We interviewed people referred to parks, public parking lots and car parks of shopping centers, hospitals as well as banks all around the city for data collection. We observed gender, age, marital status, history of divorce, infertility and physical illness as well as history of driving fines, prison and alcohol abuse as predictors of various domains of aggressive behaviors in Mashhad Iran. A national survey of 6,159 college students enrolled in 32 institutions in the USA showed approximately 81% of the men inflicted or received, some form of verbal aggression at least once (7).The theory of social representations of aggression emphasizes on gender differences in the expression of aggression. Instrumental form of aggression is …